Purpose is a common way of differentiating between types of organisations. Past study indicates that the evolution of societies as modern nation-Mates gives rise to institutions and organisations and established for three relatively distinct purposes;
1) to protect, secure and regulate the lives and actions of citizens; for example, to manage how society is defended as well as how it functions and progresses.
2) to make a livelihood and create and accumulate wealth, and accumulate wealth; and
3) to purse individual interests or tackle personal or social concerns which are separate from gaining a livelihood.
The first set of purpose typically belongs to governments, the second to brsiness and the market, and the third to the self-willed association of citizens. Organisational science uses a shorthand of first, second and third sectors as labels for these purposes.
The sectors themselves can be divided into whether the purpose they serve is private or public. The first sector is concerned with what is called the public realm, that is the common area allotting all citizens in which they have rights and obligations, both of which are enforced by government agencies. The second sector makes up the private realm of people's initiatives to survive and improve economically; the third makes up the private realm for the pursuit of recreational, spiritual, social, cultural, and other personal or collective interests.
The three-way spilt is confused by the fact that private organisations can play a similar role to government when they are established for public purpose. For example, rais occurs when a voluntary organisation is set up serve some common good- such as, helping the aged, or assisting people whose rights base been abided. In addition, establishing a business or a non-profit is an act of free will: society does not expect or require any one private organisation to exist or be around for ever: this is not the case with government. Choosing to gain social recognition by formal registration means accepting society's right to oversee that you do what you say you will. In other words, registration is accepting obligations of public accountability which society determines and regulates. An important division within third sector purposes, therefore, is whether the organisation is established to serve others or to benefit those within it.
This distinguishes between third-party public service providers and self-help or mutual-benefit organisations. The former delivers something to others, the latter is there for the benefit of its own members. A charity can be created to provide clean water to poor household (third parties) while an antateur football team or choir provides mutual benefit organisation affects how they work.
The size and content of the three sectors varies from country to country and each is usually distinguished and regulated by specific legislation. Relative size is primarily determined by the political ideology dominating society, or the regime in power, and is expressed through policy preferences, legislation, and public versus private investment choices. Two examples of different sectoral set-ups. The left hand side of the figure corresponds to a society which, like the USA, actively limits the role of government while encouraging private enterprise and voluntary initiative. Western Europe would probably exhibit a larger state sector, with other circles being of a more similar size. The right-hand side is more typical of societies where governments dominate; this is often the case in the countries of the South and East, such as Tanzania, Kazakstan and India, where an ideology of public ownership and central planning has made the state the primary force for economic and social development. It should come as no surprise that the intentions and funding conditions of the international aid system are designed to make the organisational pattern of countries of the South and East look more like those of the left.
Actually, there are many overlaps between each sector, which are important when understanding NGDOs today; these are explained below.
No comments:
Post a Comment